Here’s a photo of a recent addition, a Hygroscopic Earthstar (Astraeus hygrometricus). This is a type of ectomycorrhizal fungi, meaning it’s a fungus in a symbiotic relationship with certain tree species.  The mycelium, or root-like mass of the fungus, consists of many hyphae, or root-like threads that spread throughout the ground. The hyphae of ectomycorrhizal fungi can surround the root tip of the tree, creating a mantle or fungal sheath, and penetrate into the root tip between cells creating a Hartig net, at varying depths into the root layers depending on the type of ectomychorrizae. In exchange for carbohydrates from photosynthesis, the fungus helps extend the range of nutrient access for the tree, passing along various nutrients and minerals.

Fungal networks are like the superhighways of the soil, transporting water and nutrients, and helping (or hindering) certain plant species.  This knowledge, along with knowledge of microbes and other larger organisms in the soil food web, explains why Industrial Agriculture, marked by monocultures, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and destroyed and depleted soil, simply can’t last forever.  At some point the show comes to an end, and while it’s ending, the food it produces is low-value in regards to flavor and nutritional value.  (Not to mention, the mining and production of chemicals like the phosphoric acid used for fertilizers results in toxic waste and stupid ideas like using that waste for roads.)

Life begets life, and healthy soil begets healthy food. Feed the fungi (and the microbes, beneficial nematods, arthropods, worms… you get the picture) and they feed you!

Further Reading

No-Dig Gardening: Charles Dowding

Soil Food Web: Dr. Elaine Ingham